Python 常用库/依赖项指南

Python 拥有丰富的第三方库，适用于数据处理、Web 开发、自动化、机器学习等各种场景。本页将整理主流 Python 项目中常用的依赖库，并附带基本使用示例。

📦 安装依赖的常用方式

pip install requests pandas flask

使用 requirements.txt 管理依赖：

pip freeze > requirements.txt
pip install -r requirements.txt

pip install requests

import requests
response = requests.get('https://api.github.com')
print(response.status_code, response.json())

pip install httpx

import httpx
response = httpx.get("https://httpbin.org/get")
print(response.status_code, response.text)

pip install pandas

import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'name': ['Tom', 'Jerry'], 'age': [30, 25]})
print(df.describe())

pip install numpy

import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
print(a.mean())

pip install matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot([1, 2, 3], [3, 2, 1])
plt.show()

pip install seaborn

import seaborn as sns
df = sns.load_dataset("iris")
sns.pairplot(df, hue="species")

pip install flask

from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route("/")
def hello():
    return "Hello Flask!"

pip install fastapi uvicorn

from fastapi import FastAPI
app = FastAPI()

@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}

启动服务：

uvicorn main:app --reload

pip install pytest

def add(x, y): return x + y

def test_add():
    assert add(2, 3) == 5

pip install python-dotenv

# .env 文件内容
SECRET_KEY=123abc

# 使用 dotenv 加载
from dotenv import load_dotenv
load_dotenv()

pip install tqdm  # 进度条
pip install loguru # 日志美化